Social support packages in privatization

willingness to communicate in the iranian context: language learning orientation and social support

why some learners are willing to communicate in english, concurrently others are not, has been an intensive investigation in l2 education. willingness to communicate (wtc) proposed as initiating to communicate while given a choice has recently played a crucial role in l2 learning. it was hypothesized that wtc would be associated with language learning orientations (llos) as well as social suppo...

Social Security privatization in Latin America.

The new, partially privatized social security system adopted by Chile in 1981 has attracted attention in many parts of the world. Since then, a number of Latin American countries have implemented the Chilean model, with some variations: either with a single- or multi-tier system, or with a period of transition to take care of those in the labor force at the time of the change. The single-tier v...

Does Social Security Privatization Produce Efficiency Gains?

The economic literature shows that privatizing Social Security can improve labor supply incentives, but it can also reduce risk sharing when households face uninsurable risks. We simulate a stylized 50-percent privatization with transaction costs financed by consumption taxes and examined its impact on macroeconomic variables as well as on the welfare across generations and income classes. Our ...

Deficit commission targets social security: privatization revisited?

Social Security Privatization: Balancing Efficiency and Fairness

Growing public awareness of future pressures on Social Security is eroding many Americans’ confidence in this key retirement program. These pressures are nearly certain in the next century, stemming from the retirement of the large baby-boom generation, longer average life spans, and lower projected fertility rates. To meet such pressures, various reforms of Social Security have been proposed, ...